OUGD404 Brief 2 - Research

Although Vignelli’s canon is based on a majority of these 
design rules, I would like to show my knowledge of the below 
I have briefly commented on each of these with my own response 
to the graphic design terminology.

Grids
Layout grids are key to keeping consistency and formality in design
almost everything designed has been designed with a grid in mind,
columns and rows are totally up to the content here a few examples
of layouts. It is also used to align elements on a page.

Sub-heads/Headings
Basically we stick to no more then two type sizes on a printed page, 

but there are exceptions. We like to play off small type with larger 

type - usually twice as big (for instance, 10 pt text and 20 pt headings). 

I prefer to keep the same size for heads and subheads in a text, and just 

make them in bold, with a line space above and none below, or two line 

spaces above and one below according to the context.

Columns
according to the content, three, two, four, five, six, etc. Column

provide only one kind of consistency, but we also 

need to have an horizontal frame of reference to assure certain levels

 of continuity throughout the publication. Therefore, we will divide the

page from top to bottom in a certain number of Modules, four, six, 

eight, or more, according to size and need. Once we have structured 

the page, we will begin to structure the information and place it in the

 grid in such a way that the clarity of the message will be enhanced 

by the placement of the text on the grid. - Vignelli 

Columns are used to separate text/images and create order.

Paragraphs
Paragraphs are used to write a long body of text and separate different
points you should always use paragraphs!

Drop caps
often used in books and newsletters it is used to create a bold entrance 
to the start of a chapter.

Folio
A single page of a manuscript/book it can also be used to refer page numbers

Gutters
The white space which is formed by inner margins near the spine of a book 
it also used to refer the space between columns.

Pagination
This is numbering pages in order. e.g.
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3

Margins
Invisible guidelines on the page you can put these in yourself they help 
you align type.

Captions
Captions are used to go under images which have a brief description 
underneath of what the image is about.

Imposition
The pre press process of arranging pages on the press so that when the sheets
are printed they fold correctly and fall in the correct order.

Widows and Orphans
A widow is a line of text which has carried over to the next columns and
sits alone an orphan similarly is when it is a single work left on its own
on a line of text.